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So we're going to do some server side form validation, and you might be asking yourself why?



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I mean, look at this, make a reservation form.



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If I try to fill it out and there's an error, it displays an error right there.



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So we have client side validation and that's handled by our bootstrap client side validation.



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And it works well.



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It really does.



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But you never want to trust user input.



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Any time a user has an opportunity to enter something on a form, you can't make any assumptions.



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So, for example, when I try to fill this form out, great, it works great.



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If I put a first name in here that turns green.



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But the problem is that is what we call client side validation, and that is implemented in almost every



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case.



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I actually can't think of another case.



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Client side validation is handled using JavaScript and it is possible that a user might hit this form



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with JavaScript turned off.



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Now, they're not going to see a lot of things and like this drop down menu wouldn't work, but it's



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possible they can get here.



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And you have to assume the worst case scenario.



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So what if someone hits this page and has JavaScript turned off in their browser, it's possible for



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them to submit the form without all four required fields.



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And another thing to bear in mind is that here, if I type in.



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Yes, that's an email address.



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That's not an email address that is seen as an email address.



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Well, that's actually not a valid email address.



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There is no such thing on the clear public Internet as an address in this format.



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There might be on an internal network, but there's not on the outside world.



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And our Web page is going to be served to the outside world.



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So we definitely want to implement clients are server side form validation and we're going to do it



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on this form.



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So in order to do that, we need to make a few changes to our code, a few additions to our code, really.



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So the very first thing I'm going to do is I want to create a new internal package.



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So over in the internal folder, I'm going to create a new directory.



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So new directory, which I will call forms.



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So this is an internal package.



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Inside of that, I'm going to, first of all, create three files, create one called Errors Dutko or



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two files for now.



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And I'm not going to to get you.



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And then I'll create another one called Form Dongo.



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So I've created these files.



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And if I look at the list of the errors one first.



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So what I'm going to do in the Errors package, which is right here, are the errors file in the forms



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package is I'm going to create a type and I'm going to create a type.



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You know what a type is.



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We've done it many times.



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We usually use a struct.



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But in this case, I'm going to create a type with the name of errors.



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So that's my name for this type.



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And it's going to be a type of map, string, string.



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So I've declared a package level variable that's not exported called errors.



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And it's going to hold a map with an index of string and area value in that map will also be a string.



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Now I'm going to create a new function and I'm going to call a function called ADD and this will be



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used so func and I'll call it E errors.



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So I'll tie it to that errors variable that we have.



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So it has a receiver for that.



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So now it has access to anything in that errors.



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And I'm going to call this at and it's only going to add an error.



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It gives us a means to say, hey, there's an error in our data that we receive from the form.



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Please add this to the errors so we can do that pretty easily and we can do it by saying, well, what



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field is the error in now?



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A field?



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Let's just bring up that we hide this and bring up under our templates that make reservation page.



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So here we have four fields.



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We have one called First Name with an idea.



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First name.



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It's called first name.



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We have first name, last name, email and phone.



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Perfect.



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So that's what I mean by field.



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So it's going to be a field and there's going to be a message associated with the error, which can



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be whatever we want.



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And these are both going to be strings and this doesn't return anything.



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This is just a function that adds something.



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So to our variable e from our receiver, we want to in the index field, which doesn't exist yet, but



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don't worry about that.



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We want to append E field and a message.



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So when you look at it, I have a mistake up here.



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There should be a slice of strings, not a string.



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So our errors is a map of string with a contents being a slice of strings.



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So we are appending our error to that particular slice.



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And what we're putting in there is an error for a given field like first name and some kind of message.



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Maybe its first name must be at least three characters or something like that.



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It doesn't matter.



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That's all that that function does.



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And we're going to create one more function here.



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OK, func also with the receiver on errors and it's going to be called GET.



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And this is where we can get information.



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So it takes one parameter field string and it returns a string.



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And what we're going to do here is create an error string, just a variable, and that's going to be



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assigned the value of whatever we find in our map with the index of the.



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And if the length of X is equal to zero, then we want to do something.



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What do we want to do?



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We want to return nothing.



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So there's no error for that.



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This is all this is checking return an empty string.



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But if it doesn't pass that I got a mistake here somewhere.



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Don't there there are, but if it doesn't get returned at this point, then what do we do?



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We return, yes, our error, string zero, the first index on the airstrip.



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So this is a means of seeing whether or not a given field has an air.



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And that's all that this does.



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So let's give these things some comments, get what is get to it implements and get method.



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It returns or retrieves the first error message returns the first error message.



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And this will become clearer when we actually use these functions.



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But this is not that common, complicated and add well, it adds an error message for a given field



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and an error message for a given form field.



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So that's all those functions do.



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All right.



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So we've got those functions created now over in our forms, package forms, page in our forms package.



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This forms Dargo.



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We need to put some things in here as well.



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The first thing we need to do is to define a type.



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This is what we're going to use to hold our form, all of the information associated with our form,



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either when it's rendered for the very first time and the struct is actually empty or after the form



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is submitted, when there may be one or more errors in there.



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And we'll just call this form and it's going to be a struct and it will hold your URL values, which



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comes from the net neutrality package.



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OK, so it holds some values from the form and it holds errors, which is of type errors which we just



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created.



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OK, so that's an R struct is our type is and that's going to hold all of our form information.



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And we also need to put a method here, a function here called New to create a new form.



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And it's going to have a parameter of data which consists of Eurail values, which is built into the



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gold standard library, and it returns a type of a pointer to a form.



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So we're going to create a new form with a pointer to it.



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And because it's a pointer, we can access it from anywhere using that pointer.



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And no, we're pointing at the right form.



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So all we have to do here is return something, returning a form, and since it's new, it's going to



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be empty.



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So we will say return a pointer to a form type, which we just defined up here.



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And in that we're going to have data which is, you know, nothing right now that's just from this parameter.



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So our data right there and it's going to have an errors type, which consists of a map of string and



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a slice of strings.



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No less so now we have a new function.



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So what does that do?



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Well, let's give it a comment so we won't forget new initializes the form structure.



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So when it's initialized, it doesn't have any values in here at all except for the data that we passed



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it.



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And that was those would be corresponding to the inputs on our form field.



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And we may as well give form our type a comment as well.



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You're supposed to say, let's do that.



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So it is formed.



140

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Well, it creates a custom form struct and it embeds a neutral values object.



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That's enough.



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00:08:37,180 --> 00:08:40,750

OK, so now we have our new function.



143

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We have our type that is going to hold our form values.



144

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And under airs we have a function to add an error and a function to get an error.



145

00:08:50,210 --> 00:08:52,020

OK, so there's an error here somewhere.



146

00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:54,070

Map, string, string.



147

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Oh yeah.



148

00:08:56,020 --> 00:08:59,650

I can't just put string like that because I'm declaring it to be empty, so I have to put the pretty



149

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curly brackets there.



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All right.



151

00:09:01,990 --> 00:09:03,280

So this is great.



152

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And what we're going to do in the forms go file is we're actually going to define certain checks to



153

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see if the form data we received is valid.



154

00:09:13,300 --> 00:09:14,380

So let's do one right now.



155

00:09:14,470 --> 00:09:16,200

We're not using it yet, but let's do it.



156

00:09:16,210 --> 00:09:21,160

And that's one of the things you definitely want to have when you're checking data server side, you're



157

00:09:21,160 --> 00:09:26,600

validating data that the users have entered into a form and you want to make sure that the data is actually



158

00:09:26,630 --> 00:09:28,000

same before you do anything.



159

00:09:28,030 --> 00:09:34,210

Well, the very first thing I would have is let's make sure and we'll create a function with a receiver



160

00:09:34,210 --> 00:09:41,730

of type form, pointer to form and we'll call it has a required field.



161

00:09:41,830 --> 00:09:45,000

So you need to say, well, what actually is included?



162

00:09:45,010 --> 00:09:46,150

What is the field that's required?



163

00:09:46,160 --> 00:09:48,660

So that's going to be named field and that's a string.



164

00:09:48,970 --> 00:09:52,240

So for first name on our form over wherever it is.



165

00:09:53,290 --> 00:09:58,180

This page, for example, if this is a required field, well, the field I'm going to pass, it is the



166

00:09:58,180 --> 00:10:00,700

name of the field in the form, which is ID.



167

00:10:00,700 --> 00:10:01,530

So let's go back here.



168

00:10:02,440 --> 00:10:08,500

So it's going to take a required parameter, a field that names that parameter that is required and



169

00:10:08,500 --> 00:10:09,780

we're going to check to see if it's in there.



170

00:10:10,300 --> 00:10:15,390

So to do that, we need to have access to the request object, what the browser sends to us.



171

00:10:15,520 --> 00:10:23,170

And that is, as you know from our handlers, always a pointer to type HTTP request and it's going to



172

00:10:23,170 --> 00:10:24,040

return lool.



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00:10:24,910 --> 00:10:32,830

So when I call this function, I want to say, does the form submitted by the user have a field named



174

00:10:32,920 --> 00:10:34,090

first name, for example?



175

00:10:34,270 --> 00:10:35,440

If it does, I'll return.



176

00:10:35,440 --> 00:10:35,830

True.



177

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If it doesn't, it returns false.



178

00:10:37,720 --> 00:10:39,390

So checking it is really easy.



179

00:10:39,430 --> 00:10:41,860

I can just do it like we did in our handlers.



180

00:10:41,860 --> 00:10:47,410

When we there are kind of stub form handlers, I can create a variable which I'll call X and I'll just



181

00:10:47,410 --> 00:10:49,290

check the request form.



182

00:10:49,480 --> 00:10:50,230

Not yet.



183

00:10:50,590 --> 00:10:55,770

And I'm going to get the field and we just look to see if that field has any data.



184

00:10:55,780 --> 00:10:59,860

If X is equal to nothing, then there's an error return false.



185

00:11:00,910 --> 00:11:04,690

There's not actually an error because it's OK to have an empty form field.



186

00:11:05,020 --> 00:11:09,190

But in our case, we want to make sure this is a required field otherwise return.



187

00:11:09,190 --> 00:11:09,610

True.



188

00:11:09,730 --> 00:11:11,020

And that's all there is to it.



189

00:11:11,170 --> 00:11:18,490

So we've created a custom function, a validator, and we'll give it its comment has and will describe



190

00:11:18,490 --> 00:11:25,780

it as saying checks if form field is in post and not empty.



191

00:11:25,990 --> 00:11:27,490

And that's a requirement for has.



192

00:11:27,580 --> 00:11:28,590

That's all that it does.



193

00:11:29,110 --> 00:11:30,640

So I've created these things.



194

00:11:30,820 --> 00:11:32,420

How do I actually use them?



195

00:11:32,560 --> 00:11:34,960

Well, we need to, first of all, set up a handler.



196

00:11:34,960 --> 00:11:40,360

So let's go over to our roots and find make reservation and duplicate this.



197

00:11:40,750 --> 00:11:45,670

And we'll call this one using my naming convention, because this is a post post reservation, which



198

00:11:45,670 --> 00:11:46,480

doesn't exist yet.



199

00:11:46,480 --> 00:11:47,230

But that's no problem.



200

00:11:47,530 --> 00:11:49,390

We have to change this type to post as well.



201

00:11:49,930 --> 00:11:51,160

So I've got the route set up now.



202

00:11:51,160 --> 00:11:52,300

I have to go create the handler.



203

00:11:52,840 --> 00:11:54,700

So I go over to my handlers file.



204

00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:57,310

I find the reservation part right here.



205

00:11:57,310 --> 00:11:58,090

I'm going to copy this.



206

00:11:58,090 --> 00:12:02,380

And we have to make a change to this one in a moment and we'll paste it and we'll just leave this empty



207

00:12:02,380 --> 00:12:02,800

right now.



208

00:12:04,650 --> 00:12:13,380

And we'll change its name to post reservation and will change its comment to post reservation handle's.



209

00:12:16,160 --> 00:12:19,860

The posting of a reservation form.



210

00:12:22,490 --> 00:12:29,780

OK, now there's one more thing I need to do here, because I want to be able to check the form after



211

00:12:29,780 --> 00:12:33,740

it's submitted, but I need to display the form before it's submitted.



212

00:12:34,010 --> 00:12:36,470

So I need to add something to template data.



213

00:12:36,860 --> 00:12:42,110

And I'm going to do that by going over to my templates day to go file and I'm going to add a column



214

00:12:42,110 --> 00:12:49,040

here or add a member here and I'm going to call it form and it's going to be type of a pointer to form



215

00:12:49,040 --> 00:12:49,820

start form.



216

00:12:50,660 --> 00:12:54,340

OK, so I've added that did the import for me, so it's important properly.



217

00:12:54,710 --> 00:13:00,760

Now there's a new member that I have on my template data, something that's sent to every page.



218

00:13:00,770 --> 00:13:06,190

So whether a page has a form or not, I know that the form object is going to be available to me.



219

00:13:06,830 --> 00:13:08,870

So let's go back to our handlers.



220

00:13:09,260 --> 00:13:17,390

And now when I'm rendering this this reservation right here, I need to give it a form object.



221

00:13:17,540 --> 00:13:19,570

And I can do that because it's part of the template, too.



222

00:13:19,580 --> 00:13:23,420

So it's form and it's going to be equal to forms.



223

00:13:23,600 --> 00:13:27,190

Dot knew that function was created just a little while ago.



224

00:13:27,440 --> 00:13:28,070

I'm going to pass it.



225

00:13:28,070 --> 00:13:29,040

No values at all.



226

00:13:29,390 --> 00:13:35,900

So the very first time that form is rendered on this page, I have access to that forms object.



227

00:13:35,900 --> 00:13:37,310

I'm not doing anything with it yet.



228

00:13:37,310 --> 00:13:41,300

We will probably in the next lecture, but now I know I have access to it.



229

00:13:41,300 --> 00:13:43,820

So that means it's available the first time it's displayed.



230

00:13:44,090 --> 00:13:49,550

And then when I if somebody submits the form and they come back and there are errors, I'm going to



231

00:13:49,550 --> 00:13:51,020

use this function.



232

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The Horsfield, for example, the house function, for example, to say, aha, you needed to have a



233

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first name, but you don't have a first name, therefore render the form, but this time display the



234

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error.



235

00:14:02,840 --> 00:14:08,660

And the great thing about this is I can display the error, but I can also display all of the other



236

00:14:08,660 --> 00:14:12,140

information that the user entered will be able to do that eventually.



237

00:14:12,710 --> 00:14:13,360

That's correct.



238

00:14:13,490 --> 00:14:18,860

So I'm not going to just bounce them back to have them fill out a long form, had them submit it only



239

00:14:18,860 --> 00:14:23,120

to discover after the fact that there's an error, take them back to the page with an error message



240

00:14:23,360 --> 00:14:25,030

and have lost the rest of that information.



241

00:14:25,130 --> 00:14:27,290

There's nothing more frustrating than that.



242

00:14:27,500 --> 00:14:32,360

When you're working on a website and you fill out a form and you get an error message and you've lost



243

00:14:32,360 --> 00:14:33,150

everything you've entered.



244

00:14:33,170 --> 00:14:36,830

Well, we don't want that to happen to our users because we don't want to lose any potential reservations.



245

00:14:37,100 --> 00:14:41,600

So we're going to make sure we display the error, give them some indication as to what the error is



246

00:14:41,600 --> 00:14:45,350

and where it needs to be fixed and save all that other information.



247

00:14:45,740 --> 00:14:48,150

And we'll do that in the not too distant future.



248

00:14:48,210 --> 00:14:50,420

Right now, let's just make sure that everything works.



249

00:14:50,420 --> 00:14:52,610

So I'm going to start my application, which I had running.



250

00:14:53,000 --> 00:14:53,840

I'll compile it.



251

00:14:53,840 --> 00:14:55,760

Go run command Web Stargirl.



252

00:14:57,600 --> 00:15:03,300

It compiled and I should be able to go back to this form and reload the page and there it is and it



253

00:15:03,300 --> 00:15:04,520

works just beautifully.



254

00:15:05,010 --> 00:15:09,560

Now, of course, what one more thing I'll do before we call it a day for this lecture is I need to



255

00:15:09,570 --> 00:15:12,920

turn off this custom of a client side validation.



256

00:15:12,930 --> 00:15:17,190

So let me go back, find that page and turn it off temporarily.



257

00:15:17,190 --> 00:15:21,420

And we can turn it off just by saying get rid of this class needs validation.



258

00:15:21,420 --> 00:15:24,120

So I'll leave class in there and we'll have to remember to turn it back on.



259

00:15:24,540 --> 00:15:29,460

But now when I come back and reload this, this should take me to a level that I actually have an action



260

00:15:29,460 --> 00:15:29,690

in there.



261

00:15:29,700 --> 00:15:29,900

Yeah.



262

00:15:29,910 --> 00:15:32,880

Make reservationist the correct path for the roots.



263

00:15:33,240 --> 00:15:38,880

I should be able to submit this and get an empty screen because our handler that handles it under route's,



264

00:15:38,880 --> 00:15:43,910

wherever they're there, their post reservation doesn't do anything.



265

00:15:43,920 --> 00:15:45,540

It's an empty it's an empty function right now.



266

00:15:45,540 --> 00:15:49,620

So it just it should give me a white screen and it gives me a bad request.



267

00:15:49,620 --> 00:15:50,040

Why?



268

00:15:50,040 --> 00:15:59,310

Because I forgot on my make reservation page to put in my hidden field input type equals hidden name



269

00:15:59,310 --> 00:16:08,790

equals SRF token value equals and in quotes see R.F. Token pulling that out of my template data that



270

00:16:08,880 --> 00:16:09,870

passed to every page.



271

00:16:10,150 --> 00:16:13,620

So it should be able to go back to that page, reload this form.



272

00:16:13,800 --> 00:16:15,210

There should be a hidden field in there.



273

00:16:15,220 --> 00:16:16,560

Now there it is.



274

00:16:16,560 --> 00:16:16,950

Good.



275

00:16:17,070 --> 00:16:20,600

OK, now I can submit an empty form and get a blank page and it does.



276

00:16:20,850 --> 00:16:24,480

So I'm posting, I have created an empty form element.



277

00:16:24,810 --> 00:16:25,920

Let's just go through this again.



278

00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:27,720

We'll start right from the roots.



279

00:16:27,720 --> 00:16:33,510

So somebody comes to the make reservation page and that tells them to go, I'm going to this page,



280

00:16:33,510 --> 00:16:39,480

going to make Dasch reservation, therefore go to the handler called reservation in my handler's package



281

00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:47,370

and reservation says, OK, just render that template, make reservation page tampoe and include an



282

00:16:47,370 --> 00:16:48,210

empty form.



283

00:16:48,540 --> 00:16:50,160

And that's exactly what it does.



284

00:16:50,190 --> 00:16:51,970

What is forms new do?



285

00:16:51,990 --> 00:16:52,800

Well, let's look at that.



286

00:16:53,130 --> 00:16:56,070

All that does it say it's going to have a value of data.



287

00:16:56,070 --> 00:16:57,120

You are values.



288

00:16:57,120 --> 00:16:59,760

So that's some values taken from a form.



289

00:16:59,760 --> 00:17:04,230

And because we're displaying this for the first time, this error, this data package is going to be



290

00:17:04,500 --> 00:17:05,670

and it's going to be empty.



291

00:17:05,670 --> 00:17:06,540

It's going to be nil.



292

00:17:06,900 --> 00:17:08,460

And that's what I'm passing it in.



293

00:17:08,460 --> 00:17:09,510

My handler's right here.



294

00:17:09,510 --> 00:17:10,980

I'm passing it a value of nil.



295

00:17:11,430 --> 00:17:13,980

As for the map, that's absolutely empty.



296

00:17:14,370 --> 00:17:16,680

There's nothing in there right now in terms of errors at least.



297

00:17:16,950 --> 00:17:23,820

So we're good to go now in the next lecture will actually try testing some of our one validator required



298

00:17:23,820 --> 00:17:26,520

fields and we'll pick that up in the next election.