1 00:00:05,490 --> 00:00:09,450 Welcome everyone to this series of lectures on discussing data interaction. 2 00:00:09,780 --> 00:00:16,290 As we previously mentioned, we need to be able to create or insert read updates and delete information 3 00:00:16,290 --> 00:00:17,340 from our database. 4 00:00:17,790 --> 00:00:21,330 Let's begin by discussing creation and insertion into the database. 5 00:00:22,610 --> 00:00:26,600 Inserting new data into a school table is super easy with changing models. 6 00:00:27,030 --> 00:00:32,930 Recall, since the models are represented by a Python class, we can easily create a new instance of 7 00:00:32,930 --> 00:00:39,170 the class object in Python defined the attributes and then call the dot safe method on that class to 8 00:00:39,170 --> 00:00:41,720 create an insert call to the school database. 9 00:00:43,170 --> 00:00:48,870 Alternatively, you can use the built in the objects, the create method to both creates and save the 10 00:00:48,870 --> 00:00:54,120 new data entry in a single line that saves you the two step process of having to create and then save 11 00:00:54,120 --> 00:00:54,660 the changes. 12 00:00:54,870 --> 00:01:00,090 You can just call the objects to create, and they'll both create and push that save into the actual 13 00:01:00,090 --> 00:01:00,680 database. 14 00:01:02,160 --> 00:01:06,990 In instances where you want to create multiple new data entries in bulk in a single call, you can use 15 00:01:06,990 --> 00:01:12,180 the objects that bulk underscore create method to pass any list of newly created objects. 16 00:01:13,050 --> 00:01:16,800 So let's explore these three methods of creating new data entries of a model. 17 00:01:17,130 --> 00:01:21,300 The first of the simplest where we actually separate out into two steps creating the object and then 18 00:01:21,300 --> 00:01:26,850 saving it to the database, then we do it in one step with objects to create, and then we can do multiple 19 00:01:26,850 --> 00:01:27,920 at a time with objects. 20 00:01:27,920 --> 00:01:29,100 Stop, bulk, create. 21 00:01:29,490 --> 00:01:32,910 Keep in mind, we haven't taught you how to read in data from a database. 22 00:01:33,180 --> 00:01:34,690 Still, just have to take my word for it. 23 00:01:34,710 --> 00:01:39,630 For now that these entries are actually being inserted into the database, in the next lecture, we'll 24 00:01:39,630 --> 00:01:43,230 discuss reading information in order to confirm the entries we do here. 25 00:01:43,590 --> 00:01:45,270 OK, let's head over to our code editor. 26 00:01:46,110 --> 00:01:51,330 All right, so here I am inside Visual Studio code and we've set up our models and we've already ran 27 00:01:51,330 --> 00:01:52,320 those migrations. 28 00:01:52,860 --> 00:01:57,800 Now, how can I actually explore and play around with the model and the database? 29 00:01:57,810 --> 00:02:04,140 One way would be to build an entire website and have forms on the front end and then run those and check 30 00:02:04,140 --> 00:02:07,380 through admin on the backend to see if those changes were actually updated. 31 00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:12,750 Now that's a lot of work, just to begin to understand the way the model calls. 32 00:02:12,750 --> 00:02:16,950 That is, the method calls on a model object actually operate and interact with the database. 33 00:02:17,340 --> 00:02:23,670 So instead, when you want to just play around with some of the files already created with Django Django 34 00:02:23,670 --> 00:02:30,150 inside of Managed API actually offers you a shell command, and that shell command allows you to then 35 00:02:30,150 --> 00:02:36,060 interact with the Python files without having to go through the entire process of building out your 36 00:02:36,060 --> 00:02:38,310 website, which keep in mind, we will eventually do. 37 00:02:38,550 --> 00:02:42,900 Clearly, we're not going to be actually editing these models at the terminal command line, but for 38 00:02:42,900 --> 00:02:47,670 right now, just to get an idea of how different methods work, interact and operate, we'll be doing 39 00:02:47,670 --> 00:02:48,630 this at the terminal. 40 00:02:49,140 --> 00:02:54,870 So in order to run your actual shell, what you do is at my site. 41 00:02:55,980 --> 00:03:01,680 We're going to call again managed pie and then one of its different sub commands in the same way it 42 00:03:01,680 --> 00:03:06,120 has a start up Sub Command is going to be the shell command. 43 00:03:06,690 --> 00:03:11,820 Go ahead and run python, manage that pie shell and you'll see something that looks like this essentially 44 00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:14,580 a connection between python and shell. 45 00:03:15,090 --> 00:03:18,430 Now, keep in mind, you may not actually be using a python. 46 00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:24,180 I have an enhanced, interactive python that I've configured of this terminal for demonstration purposes 47 00:03:24,180 --> 00:03:24,600 only. 48 00:03:24,870 --> 00:03:29,520 What's nice about this is it performs a little bit of syntax highlighting and also directly reports 49 00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:30,530 what the input was. 50 00:03:30,540 --> 00:03:32,160 And then later on, you'll see what the output was. 51 00:03:32,550 --> 00:03:35,100 So I can say something like Prince, hello. 52 00:03:35,880 --> 00:03:39,750 And you can see that syntax highlighting enter and then I get to see the output. 53 00:03:40,020 --> 00:03:40,410 Hello. 54 00:03:40,710 --> 00:03:43,530 It's very similar to the way Jupyter Notebook operates. 55 00:03:43,530 --> 00:03:46,550 If you have some familiarity of that, do not worry at all. 56 00:03:46,560 --> 00:03:50,490 If you just see a normal Python interpreter, that's totally OK. 57 00:03:50,730 --> 00:03:52,740 All the code is going to work the same as well. 58 00:03:53,280 --> 00:03:54,930 So let's go ahead and continue. 59 00:03:55,410 --> 00:03:57,780 First, I want to be able to use this patient model. 60 00:03:58,170 --> 00:04:02,340 So what I'm going to say is the following I'm going to say. 61 00:04:03,280 --> 00:04:03,760 From. 62 00:04:05,510 --> 00:04:16,070 Office dot models import patient because inside this office folder is in its PDF file and models that 63 00:04:16,070 --> 00:04:16,370 pie. 64 00:04:16,760 --> 00:04:19,160 So I'm going to say from office, not models, import patients. 65 00:04:19,610 --> 00:04:24,470 I read that and now I should be able to actually create a patient's object. 66 00:04:24,620 --> 00:04:26,630 So let's do that, let's say. 67 00:04:28,260 --> 00:04:30,840 In fact, let's just call this object, Carl. 68 00:04:31,760 --> 00:04:33,650 And we're going to create a new patient called Carl. 69 00:04:34,720 --> 00:04:37,660 And we'll see patients and then this war after the find the first name. 70 00:04:38,230 --> 00:04:41,680 So say first name is going to be equal to. 71 00:04:43,470 --> 00:04:44,460 Let's say, Karl. 72 00:04:46,320 --> 00:04:48,450 Last name is going to be equal to. 73 00:04:48,990 --> 00:04:50,940 And then I'm going to say Smith. 74 00:04:52,360 --> 00:04:54,760 It's probably capitalize those, but not a big deal right now. 75 00:04:55,510 --> 00:04:58,960 Only constraint is to make sure they're only 30 characters and then the age. 76 00:04:59,890 --> 00:05:03,970 Remember, the age has to be an integer, so we're gonna say age is, let's say, 30. 77 00:05:06,050 --> 00:05:13,070 OK, so that's technically number one, I have this Python object that exists, but Carl himself first 78 00:05:13,070 --> 00:05:14,960 named Carl Larson Smith age 30. 79 00:05:15,380 --> 00:05:22,250 This actual data wrote instance is not yet inserted into my SQL database, so that means I can still 80 00:05:22,250 --> 00:05:24,290 do any sort of checks I want with Carl. 81 00:05:24,560 --> 00:05:29,290 So, for example, I could say, Carl, check your age and it reports back. 82 00:05:29,300 --> 00:05:30,080 Or I could check. 83 00:05:30,740 --> 00:05:32,240 I could do something like Carl age. 84 00:05:32,240 --> 00:05:33,740 Is it less than 20? 85 00:05:34,310 --> 00:05:35,540 And it would give me false. 86 00:05:35,660 --> 00:05:41,210 Hopefully, it gives you the idea that you can do still a lot of functionality on the Python object 87 00:05:41,300 --> 00:05:46,310 without having to actually commit it to the database so you can run any sort of checks or validations 88 00:05:46,520 --> 00:05:48,170 yourself using Python code. 89 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:51,470 Later on, we'll talk about validators they can actually build into the model. 90 00:05:51,740 --> 00:05:57,680 But keep in mind, you can do all sorts of checks and different interactions with this Python object 91 00:05:57,920 --> 00:05:59,660 before you committed to the database. 92 00:06:00,110 --> 00:06:05,090 Now, let's say Karl looks like the ages, OK, and we are ready to end up pushing this to our actual 93 00:06:05,090 --> 00:06:05,600 database. 94 00:06:06,020 --> 00:06:12,310 Then what we can say here is Karl, and you simply call that safe enter. 95 00:06:12,380 --> 00:06:19,340 And this itself just ran the insert command to now be part of the database here and SQLite three. 96 00:06:19,820 --> 00:06:23,430 You may be wondering where does this that safe method call actually come from? 97 00:06:23,750 --> 00:06:26,870 It comes from the inherited models that model class. 98 00:06:27,860 --> 00:06:34,020 OK, so this is the simplest way to actually create a new entry into our database. 99 00:06:34,040 --> 00:06:39,320 You create an instance of that actual model class like patient. 100 00:06:39,650 --> 00:06:42,200 You could grab attributes from it and check it out. 101 00:06:42,500 --> 00:06:44,990 But at the end of day, you were going to then save it. 102 00:06:45,080 --> 00:06:48,290 So again, it's two steps creating it and then saving it. 103 00:06:48,920 --> 00:06:54,110 Now, let's imagine you already know that you want to create Karl with first name, last name and age 104 00:06:54,110 --> 00:06:55,160 or some other patient. 105 00:06:55,450 --> 00:06:57,950 Idon't want to have to separate this out into two calls here. 106 00:06:57,960 --> 00:07:00,560 You're just going to accept it right off the bat as correct. 107 00:07:00,980 --> 00:07:03,860 Well, what you can do there is the following you can say. 108 00:07:04,900 --> 00:07:10,800 Patient and then you're going to call dot objects dot create. 109 00:07:11,620 --> 00:07:18,070 And this is a shorthand for then accepting the attribute calls and calling them, say automatically. 110 00:07:18,550 --> 00:07:21,190 So we say patients to objects that create. 111 00:07:21,640 --> 00:07:23,650 And here you can then say first name. 112 00:07:24,580 --> 00:07:25,660 Let's say she, Susan. 113 00:07:27,410 --> 00:07:28,070 Last name. 114 00:07:28,760 --> 00:07:32,390 I'm also going to say Smith, and let's make her age. 115 00:07:33,880 --> 00:07:34,270 Forty. 116 00:07:35,450 --> 00:07:35,780 OK. 117 00:07:36,260 --> 00:07:43,550 So I run this command and we can see a new patient has been created and this patient, Susan Smith, 118 00:07:43,760 --> 00:07:50,450 has also now been saved to our actual database, so she exists inside this DB sequel like three. 119 00:07:50,810 --> 00:07:53,780 And let's do just one more patient using objects to create. 120 00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:59,850 And I just cleared this, you can also clear this with seals in Python. 121 00:08:00,390 --> 00:08:03,330 But don't worry about that right now if you're running a normal python. 122 00:08:03,780 --> 00:08:08,160 And what we're going to do here is the following I'm going to say again patients remember I already 123 00:08:08,160 --> 00:08:11,910 imported this and say objects that create. 124 00:08:12,360 --> 00:08:18,000 And then what I'm going to do here again is, say, first name is equal to and let's just have this 125 00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:18,870 one be called me me. 126 00:08:20,120 --> 00:08:27,800 Last name, we're going to have this one be called, say, bullies, and let's have the HP 36. 127 00:08:28,640 --> 00:08:29,920 OK, go ahead and hit. 128 00:08:29,960 --> 00:08:35,289 Enter here and you'll notice that the number actually reflects the index position. 129 00:08:35,299 --> 00:08:37,100 So this is technically the third patient. 130 00:08:37,100 --> 00:08:38,330 So we have index. 131 00:08:38,330 --> 00:08:43,400 One was the very first patient we created with creating the object, then saving it to a Susan Smith. 132 00:08:43,400 --> 00:08:45,530 And then three again, here is Mimi Bolus. 133 00:08:45,860 --> 00:08:46,160 All right. 134 00:08:46,580 --> 00:08:51,170 So the final thing I want to show you is the ability to create multiple patients at once. 135 00:08:51,620 --> 00:08:54,950 So let me clear this and expand a little bit here. 136 00:08:55,730 --> 00:09:01,010 Since this is going to take multiple lines, but sometimes you want to bulk create, how does that actually 137 00:09:01,010 --> 00:09:01,310 work? 138 00:09:01,640 --> 00:09:02,990 You're going to use the following. 139 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:09,780 We'll be using the bulk creates method before we actually run it, though, I do want to point out the 140 00:09:09,780 --> 00:09:15,420 documentation because this is such a powerful tool to just do a bunch of entries at once. 141 00:09:15,900 --> 00:09:19,050 You may want to take into account the caveats here. 142 00:09:19,080 --> 00:09:24,900 So there's a couple of caveats of different types of databases or relationships between tables that 143 00:09:24,900 --> 00:09:26,640 this won't technically work for. 144 00:09:26,940 --> 00:09:29,580 So, for example, it doesn't work with many too many relationships. 145 00:09:29,940 --> 00:09:34,290 We'll explain more on that later when we actually create tables that have relationships between each 146 00:09:34,290 --> 00:09:34,560 other. 147 00:09:34,830 --> 00:09:38,610 But just keep in mind, there are some caveats here to using this tool. 148 00:09:38,910 --> 00:09:45,150 For most basic use cases, though, it should be fine to just pass any list of your new objects themselves. 149 00:09:45,390 --> 00:09:50,540 So we're going to do here is I'm going to create a separate list of new patients and then use entry 150 00:09:50,570 --> 00:09:54,090 the objects that bull create to then just quickly insert that list. 151 00:09:54,390 --> 00:09:58,530 And keep in mind, it's generally only one query, no matter how many objects there are. 152 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:04,380 You could technically use the batch size argument to try to fix this if it was a huge amount of entries, 153 00:10:04,380 --> 00:10:06,840 but for most cases, this should be totally fine. 154 00:10:07,590 --> 00:10:09,810 So we're going to do here or show you how to do it with patients. 155 00:10:10,290 --> 00:10:12,330 So let's make a list of patients. 156 00:10:12,330 --> 00:10:13,890 I'm going to say my list. 157 00:10:14,930 --> 00:10:20,360 Is equal to that, let's create some patients here, so we'll say patient, remember, I already imported 158 00:10:20,360 --> 00:10:20,670 this. 159 00:10:20,780 --> 00:10:23,090 So the first name of this patient? 160 00:10:24,410 --> 00:10:29,240 Is going to be, let's say, Adam, and then let's say, last name. 161 00:10:30,250 --> 00:10:31,090 Is Smith? 162 00:10:32,560 --> 00:10:35,830 And then we'll say age is 40. 163 00:10:36,730 --> 00:10:38,210 So that's our first patient. 164 00:10:38,230 --> 00:10:40,270 And let's add one more patient to this list. 165 00:10:40,930 --> 00:10:42,070 We're going to say patients. 166 00:10:43,140 --> 00:10:45,000 And let's say the first name here. 167 00:10:45,660 --> 00:10:49,740 Well, I guess since we're talking about Adam Smith or also put in his buddy Karl Marx here. 168 00:10:49,780 --> 00:10:57,060 Not really, but you get the idea and then we'll say last name Marx, and then we'll say age is also 169 00:10:57,060 --> 00:10:57,360 40. 170 00:10:58,710 --> 00:11:00,750 OK, and then remember to close off that list. 171 00:11:00,930 --> 00:11:05,220 So I just created a new list, my list, and it has two patients in that list. 172 00:11:05,600 --> 00:11:06,900 Adam Smith and Karl Marx. 173 00:11:07,260 --> 00:11:09,480 Maybe they can duke it out there inside the database. 174 00:11:09,900 --> 00:11:12,540 And then what we're going to do is we're going to call entry. 175 00:11:12,540 --> 00:11:15,390 The objects are actually patient that objects and then bulk create. 176 00:11:15,870 --> 00:11:18,420 So I'm going to call patients that. 177 00:11:19,360 --> 00:11:22,060 Objects and similar to I can call create. 178 00:11:22,570 --> 00:11:27,730 Now I'm going to call bulk create and then here can pass in my list. 179 00:11:28,950 --> 00:11:35,610 Run that, and you can see it created those patient objects, and it reports them back essentially that 180 00:11:35,610 --> 00:11:36,570 they got inserted. 181 00:11:37,450 --> 00:11:43,240 Next, we have to actually see how this worked, so we would like to be able to read the results that 182 00:11:43,240 --> 00:11:47,020 are in the database, not just create and say everything's OK. 183 00:11:47,320 --> 00:11:50,030 And in fact, you notice that on some of these doesn't actually tell you the idea. 184 00:11:50,380 --> 00:11:50,830 None. 185 00:11:51,190 --> 00:11:56,500 So we want to explore all of that and more in the next lecture where we talk about reading information 186 00:11:56,500 --> 00:11:57,310 from a database. 187 00:11:57,610 --> 00:12:02,680 But as a review, remember, you can actually create a new object, then call save on it. 188 00:12:03,250 --> 00:12:08,500 You can say objects that create and then actually create a single object and save it in one command. 189 00:12:08,800 --> 00:12:11,620 Or if you want to quickly put in a lot, you can say bulk underscore. 190 00:12:11,620 --> 00:12:12,040 Create. 191 00:12:12,610 --> 00:12:17,500 OK, let's head over to the next lecture where we actually read in the data that we just created inserted 192 00:12:17,500 --> 00:12:18,400 into the database. 193 00:12:18,790 --> 00:12:19,330 I'll see you there.