WEBVTT 00:10.210 --> 00:11.010 OK, very good. 00:11.920 --> 00:13.790 So that was the third theory. 00:13.840 --> 00:19.150 Now I'm going to talk about the possible fourth theory and then do a wrap up and see if we could overcome 00:19.150 --> 00:21.460 the problems related to each of the theories. 00:22.210 --> 00:24.370 So is there a pluralism about concepts? 00:26.650 --> 00:28.210 The fourth theory theory? 00:29.800 --> 00:37.030 It's the conceptual atomism theory hold by such people like Jerry Fodor or Salt Kripke philosophers. 00:37.930 --> 00:38.470 Very good. 00:38.470 --> 00:39.640 We can look them up if you like. 00:41.380 --> 00:47.260 So since the description seems so hard to to catch, maybe the concept is empty and instead is just 00:47.290 --> 00:47.740 one. 00:47.740 --> 00:53.200 A causal relation between the concept and its instance determines its reference. 00:53.920 --> 00:55.410 So what do they mean with this? 00:55.870 --> 00:58.000 So have this very simple example. 00:58.000 --> 01:05.650 You have a couple of things like this and you probably all see which concepts I'm trying to talk about 01:05.650 --> 01:05.910 here. 01:06.370 --> 01:13.210 Some what they have in common, what three have in common is that all those five instances here are 01:13.210 --> 01:15.170 related to the same concept. 01:15.310 --> 01:17.260 So they are all in some way treats. 01:18.070 --> 01:18.400 Right? 01:18.970 --> 01:21.010 So concepts are primitive in that sense. 01:21.010 --> 01:22.660 They have no structure at all. 01:23.140 --> 01:27.790 But a causal relation between the concept in this instance is determined as reference. 01:30.280 --> 01:37.630 OK, so that was conceptual Atomism as well, but were the 2500 years taken us then? 01:40.180 --> 01:46.060 As I said, we still in 2014, actually the nature of concepts that structurally sound. 01:46.070 --> 01:51.080 So there is no unified theory out there that everybody agrees on. 01:51.100 --> 01:53.310 So this is a debate that is still going on. 01:53.320 --> 01:56.710 So it's not just something that Plato and Aristotle thought about. 01:57.310 --> 02:01.190 This is actually a lot of people are thinking about those types of things today. 02:01.210 --> 02:04.140 And and the reason we do it is because they are very important. 02:04.150 --> 02:09.850 They are the kind of the underlying meta model for a lot of science out there. 02:11.440 --> 02:19.000 So maybe the solution is to things in theses, and that means that there is no one true structure of 02:19.000 --> 02:23.640 a concept, but there might be different structures for different explanatory functions. 02:24.940 --> 02:29.780 And as I said, there's a lot of stuff actually written about this still. 02:29.920 --> 02:39.430 So here I have two large books with several different articles, all related to the nature of concepts. 02:40.330 --> 02:45.550 So it's the concepts core readings by Eric Margolis and Stephen Lawrence. 02:45.970 --> 02:53.740 And there's another big book of concepts by Gregory L. Murphy and both of our columns, just evidence 02:53.740 --> 02:57.500 and what I've just said, that this is a debate that is still very much going on. 02:58.330 --> 03:07.200 OK, a pluralism about concepts concept might have multiple parallel structures operating in our minds. 03:07.240 --> 03:10.720 So that is what this kind of structure with theories is saying. 03:11.350 --> 03:13.150 And this is called a dual theory. 03:13.450 --> 03:19.400 And here we differentiate between ID procedure and core components. 03:19.600 --> 03:21.740 So what do I mean with those two? 03:22.270 --> 03:27.970 So the identification procedure that is very quick in this categorization that is going on in our heads 03:27.970 --> 03:34.570 in a couple of microseconds maybe, and it's more or less based on this prototype the of seeing it that 03:34.570 --> 03:35.230 you just see. 03:35.230 --> 03:36.690 Well, what was that? 03:37.690 --> 03:43.180 I'm not sure, but I think it was a car right by you don't know exactly which car it was. 03:43.180 --> 03:51.370 You just think for the kind of the the first impressions you get of this is that it was a fast car that 03:51.370 --> 03:52.460 just passed by. 03:52.990 --> 03:53.380 Right. 03:54.190 --> 03:59.090 And then you when you have a little bit more time over than the core component kicks in. 03:59.530 --> 04:05.980 So the core component used uses more of the cognitive resources you have and the use when they are not 04:05.980 --> 04:06.510 limited. 04:07.000 --> 04:13.420 So then you will say that maybe that will support three, five, six Charolais built in 1956 and so 04:13.420 --> 04:13.780 on and so on. 04:13.780 --> 04:18.850 Maybe you have a lot of knowledge about this, then you're more, very more specific about this specific 04:18.850 --> 04:22.740 instance and not just about the prototype, but it was just a fast car ride. 04:23.080 --> 04:27.550 So that's the kind of the court where I mean, the core component and the core component is kind of 04:27.550 --> 04:32.350 a combination of the classical theory and atomism theory. 04:33.010 --> 04:33.390 Right. 04:34.330 --> 04:39.070 So in this dual theory, it's kind of almost all of the theories comes in. 04:39.070 --> 04:44.830 So both the prototype version and the theory theory, I should say, they are a little bit like and 04:44.830 --> 04:51.490 the classical view on the atmosphere in the core component, OK, how we now solve the problem. 04:52.870 --> 04:55.360 Maybe something tells me that is not the case. 04:55.360 --> 04:57.970 It will probably keep cropping up. 04:58.060 --> 05:02.770 Coming up, different theories about how we should think about the concept or concept. 05:03.550 --> 05:09.400 And it's it is very important if you talk to any person, for example, working in artificial intelligence 05:09.400 --> 05:15.790 or anything like that, this is the main real problem because we are trying to understand how humans 05:15.790 --> 05:24.070 do this so we can maybe replicate that or make models about that and then implement them in different 05:24.070 --> 05:25.720 kinds of solutions. 05:27.550 --> 05:28.580 OK, good. 05:29.140 --> 05:35.410 So that was the end of the lecture and that was actually kind of the first thing about concepts here. 05:35.440 --> 05:42.630 So now we'll delve into a lot of other stuff related to the Philosophy of Mind section in the Origins 05:42.640 --> 05:43.060 Triangle. 05:43.480 --> 05:44.470 Good to see you there.