OK, welcome back again.
So now we have run through actually all of the lectures connected to this first corner in the Richards
triangle and now we're going into the second corner, which is about language.
So as I said, the three different corners actually relate to three different areas within philosophy.
So the first was kind of the philosophy of mind part.
Now we're going into philosophy of language and later it's going to be a little bit of what is called
metaphysics.
Yeah, so and this is going to be an overview lecture and then in the same manner that we did on the
philosophy of mind part is going to be a number of different lecture touching on on different subjects
within the philosophy of language part.
So let's start let's start with a very kind of dry definition about what language is.
So language is the systematic creation, maintenance and use of systems of symbols which dynamically
reference concepts and assemble according to structured patterns to communicate meaning so that one
actually holds a lot of important aspects about what the language is.
So we take them one by one.
So it's something that we do systematic is not just ad hoc.
There are some rules and regulations about how our language functions and we maintain these over time.
So languages evolve.
So we don't speak in the same way now as we did for like 10000 years ago.
And it is a system of symbols.
And we're going to talk about symbols in terms of terms and also maybe characters.
So we're going to talk about terms in the next lecture, actually, and they dynamically reference concepts.
So here we have the relationship between what we already talked about, the concepts in our minds and
what we express in our language.
So the symbols reference concepts and the symbols they assemble according to do those structured rules
and structural patterns.
And when they do so, and following that regulates regulated framework, then they communicate the meaning.
So there's a lot of important stuff here in this very dense definition.
So exactly as I showed you from the very beginning, we still have this framework of the ordinary Aldrich's
triangle, and we have already talked about the concept of mines.
And now we're going to talk about the language part, how we express sentences and terms and so on to
refer to the concepts.
And then as the last subsection of this section, we're going to talk about the objects out in the real
world.
So you can say that there are four components to a language.
It might not be that all languages have all the four components, but many of them do.
So the first component is what is called phonology.
So that's actually focusing on how we pronounce eight words, how we say them, and of course, then
different.
You have different pronunciations in different areas actually of the country and different languages
as well.
So my my my own language is Swedish.
So of course I will pronounce it stuff in Swedish very differently from I do when I speak in English.
The second component of a language is syntax.
So that is the rules and regulations that describes how the words can be arranged into longer sentences.
So we have all the kind of rules that you learn, maybe by heart or when you're in school, how you
can combine a verb with now in the song.
And then we have semantics.
So the semantics is the relationship between kind of the conceptual apparatus that we talked about and
the language.
So that's where the meaning of the words and how words actually possibly could mean something and also
maybe parts of words.
So we have something called morphemes, which are smaller parts of words.
And then lastly, we have pragmatics.
So pragmatics is setting a more general constraint on how we use languages.
How do we use language, for example, to give an order or to give in a request or to make a statement?
Which types of different ways are there to use languages in?
And we're going to touch upon the latter three once in this course, I'm not going to talk too much
about phonology because when you're doing conceptual analysis and using modeling languages, that might
not be that much of interest.
But, of course, it's a very interesting subject as well.
But I'm not going to touch upon that too much.
But we're going to talk about syntax.
We already actually talked a lot about semantics and we're going to talk about pragmatics later on as
well.
OK, so what do we do with the language?
It's very obviously, hopefully, but we use it actually and to connect directly to what we talked about
in the last lectures about intentionality.
Usually we have intentional states, as I said, up in our consciousness, and we use the language to
express those intentional states.
And as a subset of that, when we communicate our intentional states, we also inform about how we think
that the world is looking right now.
So there is a direct link between the three different areas of the triangle, the three different corners.
That's one very well.
That was a little bit of what I wanted to talk about in this very overview section.
So now I'm actually going to go through different subjects.
There are located within the different areas and the different components in language I talked about.
And as I said, it could be very much focus on on syntax, semantics and pragmatics and hopefully is
going to be interesting and fun.
I think it is good.