OK, so let's continue then, now we're going to talk about terms, some propositions, which is kind
of part of the syntax syntax area within philosophy of language.
And we're going to talk about how you can compose propositions out of terms and also a little bit about
the meaning of proposition, the meaning of a sentence.
I've actually already used the word proposition before and we use that when we talk about propositional
content within the intentional states in our consciousness.
But it's used in a little bit differently here in philosophy language.
So you can actually say that they are basically kind of two different definitions about propositions
which are related, but slightly different.
So it could mean the content and that's when we think about the content in our minds or meaning of a
meaningful, declarative something that is actually the what the sentence is referring to in our minds.
Right.
Or you could actually refer to the actual sentence.
So that's the importance of symbols, marks or sounds that make up a meaningful, declarative sentence.
So here it's both used for the the referent and the reference to thing that is referring and the thing
that is referred to.
But so I will use it here.
But sometimes in the philosophy language, maybe it's easier just to say a sentence.
But if you see a proposition here, you should know that.
So what is the proposition?
It's the pattern of symbols, marks or sounds, so it doesn't have to be spoken language.
You can have a modeling language and that's what we're going to talk about later on this.
And of course, for example, you still have symbols, but if you have a spoken language, then you
have symbols in terms of terms, for example, words that make up a meaningful, declarative sentence.
So in a very, very simple example, we have a proposition call is the headmaster.
Right?
And we have Carl is headmaster and so on.
They are symbols are organized in a pattern.
OK, so the symbols then or sign or term or word, depending on little bit, if it's spoken languages
or not and so on, that we're talking about is the link or relationship between signified and the signifier.
So what I mean with that so we take this very simple example again, would call the headmaster.
This signified is some entity in the world or a concept in mind.
So it doesn't have to be that we are actually signifying just the stuff out there.
But we actually in connecting the stuff out there with the stuff in here.
Right.
So Carl is a headmaster.
So Carl is actually the reference to a signified real person.
So Carl is a term we used to refer to Carl, which is a person out here.
But headmaster is actually referencing general term or a concept I have in my mind about a role that
a person can play.
So we see that this proposition here actually is signifying both something up in our minds, maybe in
our collective intentionality, as we talked about, and real persons or objects out there, good terms
can refer so as a term can refer to concept, however, and maybe this a very subtle thing, but I think
it is important.
Concepts do not have names because it's very useful.
They have different terms to refer to the same concept.
Right.
So you can say contract agreement deal, but you refer to the same type of handshake that have been
made between some legal entities.
But that specific concept that you have up in your mind won't have any of those terms as Turkalo precedents
term.
So in what wide can you say that contract is a better name for the concept than agreement, for example?
And hence there is no just one name for a concept is actually unnamed.
But to be able to speak about the concepts you have at all, you must name them in use one term for
them, because then otherwise you're you're out of language, so to speak.
You cannot use language to describe your thoughts.
So we can equally is it's very, very, very common, I should say.
And it's very it's also a very common source for misunderstanding that we use different terms, but
we refer to the same concept and this is actually called synonyms.
So maybe you probably already know that.
But there is a mirrored version of synonyms, which are called homonyms as well.
So in the synonyms case, we have the same concept, but we have different words.
So we can say child offspring, kid, all referring to this concept of what a kid is bound by.
We can also do the American version of that.
That is when we actually are using the same term, but to refer to different things depending on context
so we can say left in the term, meaning that I left yesterday a little bit early, but I may be left
to the right.
And then I also mean left in terms of the opposite to right.
So that is kind of a homonym.
And both homonyms are synonyms, are very common sources for misunderstanding when you're doing conceptual
analysis or trying to communicate or trying to learn a new area or something like that.
So you should be aware of them.
And they are related to the fact that concepts as such don't have names.
It's the terms that we use.
They.