WEBVTT 00:10.880 --> 00:19.460 So now I'm going to talk about some features that applies to proposition's, the first one is that proposition's 00:19.460 --> 00:24.430 have what is called composition ality, and that's related to the syntactical rules, of course. 00:25.310 --> 00:33.110 So it's possible to combine terms in a prop. according to a framework of rules in which those words 00:33.110 --> 00:35.120 are morphine's can be composed. 00:39.340 --> 00:46.150 And it actually applies both to syntax, as we're talking about not only language, but also applies 00:46.150 --> 00:51.310 to you probably compose the propositional content of your intentional state in the same manner. 00:51.970 --> 00:59.950 So let's take this very Mickey Mouse example here that we can combine the terms for a lion and an apple 00:59.950 --> 01:02.380 in a way saying that the lion ate the apple. 01:02.770 --> 01:03.160 Yeah. 01:03.580 --> 01:06.910 And that have meaning for us and that has meaning for us. 01:07.780 --> 01:13.390 But we could equally just swap the terms around and get a completely different meaning, even if we 01:13.390 --> 01:18.670 used exactly the same terms, but in different order saying that the apple ate the lion. 01:19.720 --> 01:28.660 Maybe a silly example, but this is what the feature compensation analogy is about, that a the order 01:28.660 --> 01:35.920 and the role that the word plays in the proposition, according to a framework of syntactical rules, 01:36.370 --> 01:43.630 have a very is very important for the addition to the meaning. 01:45.800 --> 01:51.050 That the word will have in the whole sentence, meaning so we have both meaning of each, so we have 01:51.050 --> 01:58.910 a semantical part of each term saying that the term refers to a concept, for example, or an object 01:58.910 --> 01:59.310 out there. 01:59.480 --> 02:03.820 So that's the semantical part of that, and that's the reference for that term. 02:04.130 --> 02:10.250 But there is also when they are combined, then the whole sentence get a meaning which cannot be directly 02:10.250 --> 02:12.800 derived just by deriving the meaning of each term. 02:13.160 --> 02:17.480 So it's the composition of the term that produces the meaning of the sentence. 02:18.500 --> 02:22.690 The other important feature about language is what's called generativity. 02:23.150 --> 02:29.120 So generativity is and that's kind of the key feature of any spoken language. 02:29.120 --> 02:33.160 Without generativity, then we will be very limited in what we can say. 02:33.410 --> 02:41.510 So generativity is the way in which actually then Klauss in a language could be composed, can be combined 02:41.510 --> 02:44.300 in longer and longer and longer and longer sentences. 02:44.570 --> 02:47.380 And actually it's infinitive because it's recursion. 02:47.720 --> 02:55.130 So you can combine an ever lasting sentence, so to speak, and you can be sure that no one has ever 02:55.340 --> 02:59.360 probably uttered that sentence before, ever. 03:01.390 --> 03:07.120 So using those recursive recursive syntactical operations that are all support part of this index, 03:07.600 --> 03:14.680 like, for example, subordinated courses and conjunctions in language that you compose and an infinite 03:14.680 --> 03:15.700 number of sentences. 03:17.020 --> 03:22.060 So also, again, Mickey Mouse example of a sentence that I can be pretty sure that no one to actually 03:22.070 --> 03:28.510 provide after before maybe they've adopted some of these sentences, some of the parts in it, but not 03:28.510 --> 03:29.620 the sentences that I hold. 03:29.620 --> 03:30.130 So. 03:30.970 --> 03:39.730 So imagine that you're at this party setting, sitting, just chatting to this nice old lady and she 03:39.730 --> 03:40.660 says, I like this. 03:40.670 --> 03:47.980 So just today, I thought that it would be great to swim in the ocean, but then I thought, I rather 03:47.980 --> 03:55.030 have a peanut butter sandwich instead, which, by the way, was something that my own sisters relative, 03:55.420 --> 04:02.560 which name I don't to remember, really disliked and once told me so, so forcefully just before the 04:02.560 --> 04:10.450 birthday party started that late summer night here we using subclauses and conjunctions to produce a 04:10.450 --> 04:13.180 sentence that probably could go on forever and ever. 04:13.660 --> 04:20.170 I don't know, but that is for generativity is about of composition ality and generativity are two very 04:20.170 --> 04:21.130 important features. 04:21.130 --> 04:21.700 The language.