Hello.
So now we're going to talk about facts and we're going to talk about truth, so we're going to talk
about how facts are related to the truth.
And then in the next election, we're also going to talk about social facts and what is also the pragmatic
truth.
But let's start with the simple case here.
So facts or a fact, a situation that the actual world must begin to make a given proposition about
the world.
So the fact is called the truth maker.
So that is what making the proposition true.
So at any given situation, the world of objects and their properties and relations that we've talked
about already is arranged in a certain way.
And that certain way is what we call a fact.
So let's take this example.
So we have a fact here, which is seven gelo ducks in a row, right in a straight line.
This is called the fact or also state of affairs is a word you probably use as well.
And the proposition means to fact, and we talked both about propositions in the Speech Act and proposition
as part of the intentional state.
So you can have an intentional state that you maybe have represented as a seven and a duck and the colors
yellow and the line or whatever, as I said said the propositional content in our intentional state
doesn't have to be a sentence.
And then we have this speech act with the propositional content, the component in the speech act saying
seven yellow ducks in a straight line.
OK, they are both pointing to the fact and it's the fact that makes them to.
It's not just one object, a fact, it's more than just one object, it will at least exemplify a property.
So if fact obtains, if an object exemplifies at least one property or one or more object standing in
relation or a combination of those, of course, you can have multiple objects with multiple properties
in relation as well.
And that forms a fact.
But it's not just one object.
So a car is not a fact, but two cars that face each other.
That's a fact because that's a relation between two objects.
And we also said that the objects have the properties of being pink.
OK, so in fact, it's not just one objects.
It's a couple of objects sustained in relation or exemplify properties.
So let's take a very simple fact here, the cat is on the mat, so that's also very common example used
again.
Then we have the truth maker and what is called the truth there.
So the truth make it was the fact, the truth there is the actual proposition about the fact.
So the proposition is that the cat is on a mat.
That's the truth bearer in this meaning relation.
And the fact is the truth maker in the same relation.
So we actually have a relation between a fact and a proposition in our minds or in the speech act.
And facts are not true or false.
It's actually the propositions that are true or false when we're talking about truthiness or falsity,
we are talking about that a proposition can be true or false.
So another word to say something, maybe a little bit strange or complex.
The truth value of a proposition is a meta linguistic property of that proposition.
And what I mean with that.
So in the same way that objects can have properties, we said you can look upon a statement or a proposition
as an object which have properties, for example, that it is a statement or that it is a subclass.
And one of those meta linguistic properties of a property of a proposition is that they have a truth,
value and the truth.
Well, it could be true or false, but a fact, in fact, is not true or false.
A fact could obtain or fail to obtain.
OK, so in the simplest case, like the cat is on a mat, you might think about that, the relation
or we might think that the proposition, the or content could be like an image of the fact.
So we can say that we have an image about the cat that is on the mat, that's in our propositional content
in the in the intentional state.
And that relates to the actual fact that the cat is on the mat.
In the in the simplest case here, you might think of this as a picture, but that is just in the very
simplest case, because there are loads of other examples where you cannot have that analogy analogy.
So, for example, picture this instead, that the cat is not on the mat, so that is what we call a
counterfactual and that also is a fact.
But how could we picture that?
So I can picture that like this, just picturing a cat, but no mat.
But I can also equally well picture Rehmat without a cat.
Right.
Or I can picture a cat sitting just outside of the mouth, but not on the man.
But I can also picture this like a map with a car on it and no cat.
So there are kind of endless way of picturing that a cat is not on the map.
So it's not that simple.
They can always use the picture analogy to think about proposition's and the relationship with facts.
So any conditional facts?
Actually, you can say if the car would have been blue, little Timmy would not have been lying, crying
or his bad bed.
So that's also a fact.
Right.
But that is also very, very hard to think of as a picture.
So facts must be thought of as any condition that makes you Proposition two, so facts are any condition
that makes a proposition true, not just a picture.
OK, that was a very short introduction to facts, and there are two conditions in the next election.
I'm going to talk about social facts and pragmatic truth.